1. Malangizo ndi mfundo zoyambira makumi atatu
Transtor, monganso membala wofunikira wa banja la tratsistor, limachita mbali zofunika kwambiri pamagawo amagetsi.Ili ndi magawo atatu oyambira: Base, Emitter ndi Otchenjera.Apa, timayang'ana kwambiri pa omasulira NPN.Makhalidwe a Traver a NPN amatha kufotokozedwa ndi dera lofanana, momwe kulumikizana kuli pakati pa maziko a Dminide, ndipo kulumikizana kwa otola ndi emitter kumawonedwa ngati kukana.Kutsutsa kwa munthu wotsutsayu kumasiyanasiyana kosiyanasiyana, kuyambira ma ohms ochepa mpaka infinity (lotseguka).
Musanakambirane zakuya, tiyenera kufotokozera mtundu wofanana wa NPN IndustIstar: IC = β y β.Mu equation iyi, IB ikuyimira zamakono kuchokera kum'mbuyo kupita ku emitter, IC ndi yomwe ilipo kwa otola ku emitter, ndipo β ndi chinthu chomwe chimawonjezera ma tradide.Izi ndizofunikira kutengera njira, ndipo mtengo wake umakhala pakati pa mazana ndi mazana.Komabe, ziyenera kudziwika kuti ma triode amakwaniritsa izi mwa kusintha njira yofanana (RE) pakati pa otola ndi emitter.Pamene REC imasinthidwa kukhala mtengo wotsika kwambiri koma osatha kukwaniritsa IC = β y, timatcha dziko la "Kusungunuka";Komanso, pamene RE imasinthidwa kukhala yamtengo wapatali kwambiri koma osakwanitsa kuwononga iC = z ly ys, imatchedwa "chodulidwa".Zoyenera, tratsistor iyenera kugwira ntchito kuderali, ndiye kuti, mkhalidwe wa IC = β.
2. Kupanga ndi kusanthula kwa NT Transistar pafupipafupi magwero
Mu kapangidwe kake ka magetsi, kugwiritsa ntchito kwa magwero omwe akupezeka mosalekeza ndikofunikira.Kutenga malo owoneka bwino monga chitsanzo, kutulutsa kwa IC yatsopano = UC / r, komwe Uc amaimira voliyumu ya kazembeyo.Popeza mphamvu ya mphamvu ya mphamvu imachepa pakapita nthawi, zotulutsa zamakhalidwe sizikhala zokhazikika.Komabe, pogwiritsa ntchito transtoors ya NPN, titha kumanga malo otulutsa tsopano.
Mu kapangidwe ka dera ngati kumeneku, kutulutsa kwapamwamba sikudalira magetsi.Mwachitsanzo, kungoganiza kuti mtengo wa masinja ndi 4,3V (kuwerengetsa monga 5v minus 0.7V), ndiye titha kupeza ICRe (emitter otsutsa).Njira yowerengera iyi imakhazikitsidwa pabwino kwambiri: Triode iyenera kugwira ntchito kudera la Kuwonjezera, ndiye kuti, ic = β = khib iyenera kukhuta.Poganizira kuti phindu lalikulu la Β lili ndi dongosolo la 100, mwachitsanzo, lingathe kuonedwa kuti ndi ofanana ndi IC.
3. Njira yothetsera Triode
Mukamapanga madera omasulira, nthawi zambiri timatsatira njira zotsatirazi: choyamba kumangoganiza kuti tratsistor imagwira ntchito kudera la Ictriction ndikukwaniritsa mikhalidwe ya IC = khib≈ie;Kenako anasiyanitsa muce (vochi ya otolayo ndi emitter) kutengera ndi zowerengera zomwe zili zomveka kudziwa ngati malingaliro am'mbuyomu ndiowona.Mwachitsanzo, kungoganiza za mphamvu kudutsa apolisi ndi 10V, titha kuwerengera kuti 5.7V, yomwe imapangitsa kuti ipange phindu la 5.7k ohms.Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwa kusintha RCE mpaka 5.7k ohms, tradistor imatha kukhalabe ndi kutulutsa kwapamwamba kwapamwamba pa 1ma.Mofananamo, mphamvu ya mphamvu ya 8V, Uce ndi 3.7V ndi RE ndi 3.7k ohms, kotero kuti zotulutsa zamakono zasungidwa pa 1ma.
Komabe, pamene apolisiwo akamagwera pansi pa khomo linalake, monga 3V, Tidzapeza kuti zotsatira zowerengedwa za uce zimakhala zopanda phindu (-1v), mwachiwonekere ndi wopanda nzeru.Izi zikuwonetsa kuti ngakhale RE RE imatsikira mpaka 0 ohms, mkhalidwe wa ic = quib sangathe kukhuta.Chifukwa chake, pamene Mphamvu yamphamvu imatsikira pansi pa 4.3V, tratsistor siyingagwirenso ntchito kudera la Ampniction Koma Lowani Chigawo.Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti pokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, kukana pakati pa osonkhanirana ndi emitter sikungachepetsedwe mpaka 0ω, kotero mtengo wotsika kwambiri wa Uce nthawi zambiri umangochepetsedwa pafupifupi 0.2v.Mtengo uwu umatchedwa mafuta okwanira kuponya voti amaponyera utsi.
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito PNP Indust informantSentery Kubwezeretsa Chigawo
Chosiyana ndi omasulira a NPN, kuti akwaniritse gwero lokhazikika lomwe langotsala pang'ono kulipira, tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito omasulira a PNP.Mfundo yogwira ntchito ndi kapangidwe ka TV imasiyana ndi NPN, koma imachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pozindikira kuti gawo lomwe lingachitikepo.Mu transtor ya PNP, njira yotuluka yaposachedwa ili pafupi ndi Istan transistar, yomwe imaperekanso kusinthasintha popanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabwalo amagetsi.